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2017 ; 23
(3
): 551-564
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Molecular Profiling of Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: Genetic Differences and
Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets
#MMPMID27844328
Enkner F
; Pichlhöfer B
; Zaharie AT
; Krunic M
; Holper TM
; Janik S
; Moser B
; Schlangen K
; Neudert B
; Walter K
; Migschitz B
; Müllauer L
Pathol Oncol Res
2017[Jul]; 23
(3
): 551-564
PMID27844328
show ga
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). We performed a
molecular profiling to investigate the pathogenesis of TETs and identify novel
targets for therapy. We analyzed 37 thymomas (18 type A, 19 type B3) and 35
thymic carcinomas. The sequencing of 50 genes detected nonsynonymous mutations in
16 carcinomas affecting ALK, ATM, CDKN2A, ERBB4, FGFR3, KIT, NRAS and TP53. Only
two B3 thymomas had a mutation in noncoding regions of the SMARCB1 and STK11 gene
respectively. Three type A thymomas harbored a nonsynonymous HRAS mutation.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected in 38 % of carcinomas a CDKN2A, in
32 % a TP53 and in 8 % an ATM gene deletion, whereas only one B3 thymoma
exhibited a CDKNA deletion, and none of the type A thymomas showed a gene loss.
Sequencing of the total miRNA pool of 5 type A thymomas and 5 thymic carcinomas
identified the C19MC miRNA cluster as highly expressed in type A thymomas, but
completely silenced in thymic carcinomas. Furthermore, the miRNA cluster C14MC
was downregulated in thymic carcinomas. Among non-clustered miRNAs, the
upregulation of miR-21, miR-9-3 and miR-375 and the downregulation of miR-34b,
miR-34c, miR-130a and miR-195 in thymic carcinomas were most significant. The
expression of ALK, HER2, HER3, MET, phospho-mTOR, p16(INK4A), PDGFRA, PDGFRB,
PD-L1, PTEN and ROS1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. PDGFRA was
increased in thymic carcinomas and PD-L1 in B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas. In
summary, our results reveal genetic differences between thymomas and thymic
carcinomas and suggest potential novel targets for therapy.