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2017 ; 43
(ä): 58-65
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Intelligence and neuroticism in relation to depression and psychological
distress: Evidence from two large population cohorts
#MMPMID28365468
Navrady LB
; Ritchie SJ
; Chan SWY
; Kerr DM
; Adams MJ
; Hawkins EH
; Porteous D
; Deary IJ
; Gale CR
; Batty GD
; McIntosh AM
Eur Psychiatry
2017[Jun]; 43
(ä): 58-65
PMID28365468
show ga
BACKGROUND: Neuroticism is a risk factor for selected mental and physical
illnesses and is inversely associated with intelligence. Intelligence appears to
interact with neuroticism and mitigate its detrimental effects on physical health
and mortality. However, the inter-relationships of neuroticism and intelligence
for major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychological distress has not been well
examined. METHODS: Associations and interactions between neuroticism and general
intelligence (g) on MDD, self-reported depression, and psychological distress
were examined in two population-based cohorts: Generation Scotland: Scottish
Family Health Study (GS:SFHS, n=19,200) and UK Biobank (n=90,529). The Eysenck
Personality Scale Short Form-Revised measured neuroticism and g was extracted
from multiple cognitive ability tests in each cohort. Family structure was
adjusted for in GS:SFHS. RESULTS: Neuroticism was strongly associated with
increased risk for depression and higher psychological distress in both samples.
Although intelligence conferred no consistent independent effects on depression,
it did increase the risk for depression across samples once neuroticism was
adjusted for. Results suggest that higher intelligence may ameliorate the
association between neuroticism and self-reported depression although no
significant interaction was found for clinical MDD. Intelligence was inversely
associated with psychological distress across cohorts. A small interaction was
found across samples such that lower psychological distress associates with
higher intelligence and lower neuroticism, although effect sizes were small.
CONCLUSIONS: From two large cohort studies, our findings suggest intelligence
acts a protective factor in mitigating the effects of neuroticism on
psychological distress. Intelligence does not confer protection against diagnosis
of depression in those high in neuroticism.