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2017 ; 27
(12
): 1801-1810.e10
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Paleogenomic Evidence for Multi-generational Mixing between Neolithic Farmers and
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Lower Danube Basin
#MMPMID28552360
González-Fortes G
; Jones ER
; Lightfoot E
; Bonsall C
; Lazar C
; Grandal-d'Anglade A
; Garralda MD
; Drak L
; Siska V
; Simalcsik A
; Boronean? A
; Vidal Romaní JR
; Vaqueiro Rodríguez M
; Arias P
; Pinhasi R
; Manica A
; Hofreiter M
Curr Biol
2017[Jun]; 27
(12
): 1801-1810.e10
PMID28552360
show ga
The transition from hunting and gathering to farming involved profound cultural
and technological changes. In Western and Central Europe, these changes occurred
rapidly and synchronously after the arrival of early farmers of Anatolian origin
[1-3], who largely replaced the local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers [1, 4-6].
Further east, in the Baltic region, the transition was gradual, with little or no
genetic input from incoming farmers [7]. Here we use ancient DNA to investigate
the relationship between hunter-gatherers and farmers in the Lower Danube basin,
a geographically intermediate area that is characterized by a rapid Neolithic
transition but also by the presence of archaeological evidence that points to
cultural exchange, and thus possible admixture, between hunter-gatherers and
farmers. We recovered four human paleogenomes (1.1× to 4.1× coverage) from
Romania spanning a time transect between 8.8 thousand years ago (kya) and 5.4 kya
and supplemented them with two Mesolithic genomes (1.7× and 5.3×) from Spain to
provide further context on the genetic background of Mesolithic Europe. Our
results show major Western hunter-gatherer (WHG) ancestry in a Romanian
Eneolithic sample with a minor, but sizeable, contribution from Anatolian
farmers, suggesting multiple admixture events between hunter-gatherers and
farmers. Dietary stable-isotope analysis of this sample suggests a mixed
terrestrial/aquatic diet. Our results provide support for complex interactions
among hunter-gatherers and farmers in the Danube basin, demonstrating that in
some regions, demic and cultural diffusion were not mutually exclusive, but
merely the ends of a continuum for the process of Neolithization.