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10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s13567-017-0442-5 C5482964!5482964!28645300     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Vet+Res 2017 ; 48 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28645300|t=2017. Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential |pdf=|usr=}}{{28645300}} gab.com Text Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential JO: Vet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28645300 #FOAvip Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest. Twit Text FOAVip Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential ????Vet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28645300 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28645300 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28645300}}</ref> Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential #MMPMID28645300 Hajam IA; Dar PA; Won G; Lee JH Vet Res 2017[]; 48 (ä): ä PMID28645300show ga Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest. äBacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing