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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Curr+Opin+Cell+Biol 2017 ; 45 (ä): 8-16 Nephropedia Template TP
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pHisphorylation; The Emergence of Histidine Phosphorylation as a Reversible Regulatory Modification #MMPMID28129587
Fuhs SR; Hunter T
Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017[Apr]; 45 (ä): 8-16 PMID28129587show ga
Histidine phosphorylation is crucial for prokaryotic signal transduction and as an intermediate for several metabolic enzymes, yet its role in mammalian cells remains largely uncharted. This is primarily due to difficulties in studying histidine phosphorylation because of the relative instability of phosphohistidine (pHis) and lack of specific antibodies and methods to preserve and detect it. The recent synthesis of stable pHis analogs has enabled development of pHis-specific antibodies and their use has started to shed light onto this important, yet enigmatic posttranslational modification. We are beginning to understand that pHis has broader roles in protein and cellular function including; cell cycle regulation, phagocytosis, regulation of ion channel activity and metal ion coordination. Two mammalian histidine kinases (NME1 and NME2), two pHis phosphatases (PHPT1 and LHPP), and a handful of substrates were previously identified. These new tools have already led to the discovery of an additional phosphatase (PGAM5) and hundreds of putative substrates. New methodologies are also being developed to probe the pHis phosphoproteome and determine functional consequences, including negative ion mode mass spectroscopy and unnatural amino acid incorporation. These new tools and strategies have the potential overcome the unique challenges that have been holding back our understanding of pHis in cell biology.