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10.1111/bph.13844 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/bph.13844 C5481642!5481642 !28471490     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=28471490 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuate early occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |pdf=|usr=}}{{28471490 }} gab.com Text Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuate early occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease JO: Br J Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28471490 #FOAvip BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mediate protective effects on several metabolic disorders. However, the functions of their metabolites in the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Mice were fed a control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or ?-3 PUFA-enriched HFD (?3HFD) for 4 days and phenotypes were analysed. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the eicosanoid profiles. Primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were used for the mechanism study. KEY RESULTS: In short-term HFD-fed mice, the significantly increased lipid accumulation in the liver was reversed by ?-3 PUFA supplementation. Metabolomics showed that the plasma concentrations of hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) were reduced by a short-term HFD and markedly increased by the ?3HFD. However, HEPE/EEQ treatment had no direct protective effect on hepatocytes. ?3HFD also significantly attenuated HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the JNK pathway induced by palmitate were suppressed by HEPEs and EEQs in macrophages. 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE were identified as the effective components among these metabolites, as indicated by their greater suppression of the palmitate-induced expression of inflammatory factors, chemotaxis and JNK activation compared to other metabolites in macrophages. A mixture of 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE significantly ameliorated the short-term HFD-induced accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE may be potential approaches to prevent NAFLD in the early stage by inhibiting the inflammatory response in adipose tissue macrophages via JNK signalling. Twit Text FOAVip Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuate early occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ????Br J Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28471490 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28471490 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28471490 }}</ref> Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuate early occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease #MMPMID28471490 Wang C ; Liu W ; Yao L ; Zhang X ; Zhang X ; Ye C ; Jiang H ; He J ; Zhu Y ; Ai D Br J Pharmacol 2017[Jul]; 174 (14 ): 2358-2372 PMID28471490 show ga BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mediate protective effects on several metabolic disorders. However, the functions of their metabolites in the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Mice were fed a control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or ?-3 PUFA-enriched HFD (?3HFD) for 4 days and phenotypes were analysed. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the eicosanoid profiles. Primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were used for the mechanism study. KEY RESULTS: In short-term HFD-fed mice, the significantly increased lipid accumulation in the liver was reversed by ?-3 PUFA supplementation. Metabolomics showed that the plasma concentrations of hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) were reduced by a short-term HFD and markedly increased by the ?3HFD. However, HEPE/EEQ treatment had no direct protective effect on hepatocytes. ?3HFD also significantly attenuated HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the JNK pathway induced by palmitate were suppressed by HEPEs and EEQs in macrophages. 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE were identified as the effective components among these metabolites, as indicated by their greater suppression of the palmitate-induced expression of inflammatory factors, chemotaxis and JNK activation compared to other metabolites in macrophages. A mixture of 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE significantly ameliorated the short-term HFD-induced accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE may be potential approaches to prevent NAFLD in the early stage by inhibiting the inflammatory response in adipose tissue macrophages via JNK signalling. |Animals [MESH] |Arachidonic Acids/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology [MESH] |Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology [MESH] |Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL [MESH]Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuat(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing