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2017 ; 8
(ä): 1087
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The Complex Cell Wall Composition of Syncytia Induced by Plant Parasitic Cyst
Nematodes Reflects Both Function and Host Plant
#MMPMID28680436
Zhang L
; Lilley CJ
; Imren M
; Knox JP
; Urwin PE
Front Plant Sci
2017[]; 8
(ä): 1087
PMID28680436
show ga
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialized feeding
structures, syncytia, within their host roots. These unique plant organs serve as
the sole nutrient resource for development and reproduction throughout the
biotrophic interaction. The multinucleate syncytium, which arises through local
dissolution of cell walls and protoplast fusion of multiple adjacent cells, has
dense cytoplasm containing numerous organelles, surrounded by thickened outer
cell walls that must withstand high turgor pressure. However, little is known
about how the constituents of the syncytial cell wall and their conformation
support its role during nematode parasitism. We used a set of monoclonal
antibodies, targeted to a range of plant cell wall components, to reveal the
microstructures of syncytial cell walls induced by four of the most economically
important cyst nematode species, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines,
Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi, in their respective potato, soybean,
and spring wheat host roots. In situ fluorescence analysis revealed highly
similar cell wall composition of syncytia induced by G. pallida and H. glycines.
Both consisted of abundant xyloglucan, methyl-esterified homogalacturonan and
pectic arabinan. In contrast, the walls of syncytia induced in wheat roots by H.
avenae and H. filipjevi contain little xyloglucan but are rich in feruloylated
xylan and arabinan residues, with variable levels of mixed-linkage glucan. The
overall chemical composition of syncytial cell walls reflected the general
features of root cell walls of the different host plants. We relate specific
components of syncytial cell walls, such as abundant arabinan,
methyl-esterification status of pectic homogalacturonan and feruloylation of
xylan, to their potential roles in forming a network to support both the strength
and flexibility required for syncytium function.