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Measuring cell-generated forces: a guide to the available tools #MMPMID27123817
Polacheck WJ; Chen CS
Nat Methods 2016[Apr]; 13 (5): 415-23 PMID27123817show ga
Forces generated by cells are critical regulators of cell adhesion, signaling and function, and are essential drivers in the morphogenetic events of development. Over the past 20 years, several methods have been developed to measure these forces. Despite recent substantial interest in understanding the contribution of these forces in biology, implementation and adoption in the broader biological community remains challenging due to the inherently multidisciplinary expertise required to conduct and interpret these measurements. In this review, we introduce the established methods, and highlight the technical challenges associated with implementing each technique in a biological laboratory.