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2017 ; 3
(ä): 9
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Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian
disruption in modern aging societies
#MMPMID28649427
Hatori M
; Gronfier C
; Van Gelder RN
; Bernstein PS
; Carreras J
; Panda S
; Marks F
; Sliney D
; Hunt CE
; Hirota T
; Furukawa T
; Tsubota K
NPJ Aging Mech Dis
2017[]; 3
(ä): 9
PMID28649427
show ga
Mammals receive light information through the eyes, which perform two major
functions: image forming vision to see objects and non-image forming adaptation
of physiology and behavior to light. Cone and rod photoreceptors form images and
send the information via retinal ganglion cells to the brain for image
reconstruction. In contrast, nonimage-forming photoresponses vary widely from
adjustment of pupil diameter to adaptation of the circadian clock.
nonimage-forming responses are mediated by retinal ganglion cells expressing the
photopigment melanopsin. Melanopsin-expressing cells constitute 1-2% of retinal
ganglion cells in the adult mammalian retina, are intrinsically photosensitive,
and integrate photic information from rods and cones to control nonimage-forming
adaptation. Action spectra of ipRGCs and of melanopsin photopigment peak around
480?nm blue light. Understanding melanopsin function lets us recognize
considerable physiological effects of blue light, which is increasingly important
in our modern society that uses light-emitting diode. Misalignment of circadian
rhythmicity is observed in numerous conditions, including aging, and is thought
to be involved in the development of age-related disorders, such as depression,
diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer. The appropriate regulation of
circadian rhythmicity by proper lighting is therefore essential. This perspective
introduces the potential risks of excessive blue light for human health through
circadian rhythm disruption and sleep deprivation. Knowing the positive and
negative aspects, this study claims the importance of being exposed to light at
optimal times and intensities during the day, based on the concept of the
circadian clock, ultimately to improve quality of life to have a healthy and
longer life.