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2017 ; 12
(6
): e0179329
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Hygienic and grooming behaviors in African and European honeybees-New damage
categories in Varroa destructor
#MMPMID28622341
Nganso BT
; Fombong AT
; Yusuf AA
; Pirk CWW
; Stuhl C
; Torto B
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(6
): e0179329
PMID28622341
show ga
Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic pest of honeybees, and a threat to the
survival of the apiculture industry. Several studies have shown that unlike
European honeybees, African honeybee populations appear to be minimally affected
when attacked by this mite. However, little is known about the underlying drivers
contributing to survival of African honeybee populations against the mite. We
hypothesized that resistant behavioral defenses are responsible for the survival
of African honeybees against the ectoparasite. We tested this hypothesis by
comparing grooming and hygienic behaviors in the African savannah honeybee Apis
mellifera scutellata in Kenya and A. mellifera hybrids of European origin in
Florida, USA against the mite. Grooming behavior was assessed by determining
adult mite infestation levels, daily mite fall per colony and percentage mite
damage (as an indicator of adult grooming rate), while hygienic behavior was
assessed by determining the brood removal rate after freeze killing a section of
the brood. Our results identified two additional undescribed damaged mite
categories along with the six previously known damage categories associated with
the grooming behavior of both honeybee subspecies. Adult mite infestation level
was approximately three-fold higher in A. mellifera hybrids of European origin
than in A. m. scutellata, however, brood removal rate, adult grooming rate and
daily natural mite fall were similar in both honeybee subspecies. Unlike A.
mellifera hybrids of European origin, adult grooming rate and brood removal rate
did not correlate with mite infestation levels on adult worker honeybee of A. m.
scutellata though they were more aggressive towards the mites than their European
counterparts. Our results provide valuable insights into the tolerance mechanisms
that contribute to the survival of A. m. scutellata against the mite.
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