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2017 ; 4
(5
): 161013
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Putting the waste out: a proposed mechanism for transmission of the mycoparasite
Escovopsis between leafcutter ant colonies
#MMPMID28572992
Augustin JO
; Simões TG
; Dijksterhuis J
; Elliot SL
; Evans HC
R Soc Open Sci
2017[May]; 4
(5
): 161013
PMID28572992
show ga
The attine ant system is a remarkable example of symbiosis. An antagonistic
partner within this system is the fungal parasite Escovopsis, a genus specific to
the fungal gardens of the Attini. Escovopsis parasitizes the Leucoagaricus
symbiont that leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex, Atta) have been farming over the
past 8-12?Myr. However, it has been a puzzle how Escovopsis reaches its host.
During a seasonal survey of nests of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus in
Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, Escovopsis was detected in all the sampled fungal
garden waste tips or middens (n?=?111). Middens were built strategically; always
below the nest entrances. Here, we report the first evidence of a putative
mechanism for horizontal transmission of Escovopsis between attine colonies. It
is posited that leaf-cutting ants pick up the spores from soil and litter during
foraging and vector the mycoparasite between attine colonies. Field and
laboratory experiments, using At. laevigata and Ac. subterraneus subterraneus,
confirm that Escovopsis spores are phoretic, and have an inbuilt dormancy, broken
by the presence of their Leucoagaricus host. However, in the coevolutionary arms
race, Atta ants may lose out-despite most species in the genus investing in a
more advanced waste disposal system-due to the insanitary habits of their
Acromyrmex neighbours.