Mechanisms of Autoantibody-Induced Pathology #MMPMID28620373
Ludwig RJ; Vanhoorelbeke K; Leypoldt F; Kaya Z; Bieber K; McLachlan SM; Komorowski L; Luo J; Cabral-Marques O; Hammers CM; Lindstrom JM; Lamprecht P; Fischer A; Riemekasten G; Tersteeg C; Sondermann P; Rapoport B; Wandinger KP; Probst C; El Beidaq A; Schmidt E; Verkman A; Manz RA; Nimmerjahn F
Front Immunol 2017[]; 8 (ä): ä PMID28620373show ga
Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Graves? disease. Overall, more than 2.5% of the population is affected by autoantibody-driven autoimmune disease. Pathways leading to autoantibody-induced pathology greatly differ among different diseases, and autoantibodies directed against the same antigen, depending on the targeted epitope, can have diverse effects. To foster knowledge in autoantibody-induced pathology and to encourage development of urgently needed novel therapeutic strategies, we here categorized autoantibodies according to their effects. According to our algorithm, autoantibodies can be classified into the following categories: (1) mimic receptor stimulation, (2) blocking of neural transmission, (3) induction of altered signaling, triggering uncontrolled (4) microthrombosis, (5) cell lysis, (6) neutrophil activation, and (7) induction of inflammation. These mechanisms in relation to disease, as well as principles of autoantibody generation and detection, are reviewed herein.
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Front+Immunol 2017 ; 8 (ä): ä
