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2017 ; 13
(5
): e1006395
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Paradoxical myeloid-derived suppressor cell reduction in the bone marrow of SIV
chronically infected macaques
#MMPMID28498847
Sui Y
; Frey B
; Wang Y
; Billeskov R
; Kulkarni S
; McKinnon K
; Rourke T
; Fritts L
; Miller CJ
; Berzofsky JA
PLoS Pathog
2017[May]; 13
(5
): e1006395
PMID28498847
show ga
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which suppress anti-tumor or anti-viral
immune responses, are expanded in the peripheral blood and tissues of
patients/animals with cancer or viral infectious diseases. We here show that in
chronic SIV infection of Indian rhesus macaques, the frequency of MDSCs in the
bone marrow (BM) was paradoxically and unexpectedly decreased, but increased in
peripheral blood. Reduction of BM MDSCs was found in both CD14+MDSC and
Lin-CD15+MDSC subsets. The reduction of MDSCs correlated with high plasma viral
loads and low CD4+ T cell counts, suggesting that depletion of BM MDSCs was
associated with SIV/AIDS disease progression. Of note, in SHIVSF162P4-infected
macaques, which naturally control viral replication within a few months of
infection, the frequency of MDSCs in the bone marrow was unchanged. To
investigate the mechanisms by which BM MDSCs were reduced during chronic SIV
infection, we tested several hypotheses: depletion due to viral infection,
alterations in MDSC trafficking, and/or poor MDSC replenishment. We found that
the possible mobilization of MDSCs from BM to peripheral tissues and the slow
self-replenishment of MDSCs in the BM, along with the viral infection-induced
depletion, all contribute to the observed BM MDSC reduction. We first demonstrate
MDSC SIV infection in vivo. Correlation between BM CD14+MDSC reduction and CD8+ T
cell activation in tissues is consistent with decreased immune suppression by
MDSCs. Thus, depletion of BM MDSCs may contribute to the pathologic immune
activation during chronic SIV infection and by extension HIV infection.