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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Front+Cell+Neurosci
2017 ; 11
(ä): 152
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mTORC1 Is a Local, Postsynaptic Voltage Sensor Regulated by Positive and Negative
Feedback Pathways
#MMPMID28611595
Niere F
; Raab-Graham KF
Front Cell Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 152
PMID28611595
show ga
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) serves as a
regulator of mRNA translation. Recent studies suggest that mTORC1 may also serve
as a local, voltage sensor in the postsynaptic region of neurons. Considering
biochemical, bioinformatics and imaging data, we hypothesize that the activity
state of mTORC1 dynamically regulates local membrane potential by promoting and
repressing protein synthesis of select mRNAs. Our hypothesis suggests that mTORC1
uses positive and negative feedback pathways, in a branch-specific manner, to
maintain neuronal excitability within an optimal range. In some dendritic
branches, mTORC1 activity oscillates between the "On" and "Off" states. We define
this as negative feedback. In contrast, positive feedback is defined as the
pathway that leads to a prolonged depolarized or hyperpolarized resting membrane
potential, whereby mTORC1 activity is constitutively on or off, respectively. We
propose that inactivation of mTORC1 increases the expression of voltage-gated
potassium alpha (K(v)1.1 and 1.2) and beta (K(v)?2) subunits, ensuring that the
membrane resets to its resting membrane potential after experiencing increased
synaptic activity. In turn, reduced mTORC1 activity increases the protein
expression of syntaxin-1A and promotes the surface expression of the ionotropic
glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type subunit 1 (GluN1) that
facilitates increased calcium entry to turn mTORC1 back on. Under conditions such
as learning and memory, mTORC1 activity is required to be high for longer periods
of time. Thus, the arm of the pathway that promotes syntaxin-1A and K(v)1 protein
synthesis will be repressed. Moreover, dendritic branches that have low mTORC1
activity with increased K(v) expression would balance dendrites with
constitutively high mTORC1 activity, allowing for the neuron to maintain its
overall activity level within an ideal operating range. Finally, such a model
suggests that recruitment of more positive feedback dendritic branches within a
neuron is likely to lead to neurodegenerative disorders.