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2017 ; 8
(ä): 952
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Cable Bacteria and the Bioelectrochemical Snorkel: The Natural and Engineered
Facets Playing a Role in Hydrocarbons Degradation in Marine Sediments
#MMPMID28611751
Matturro B
; Cruz Viggi C
; Aulenta F
; Rossetti S
Front Microbiol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 952
PMID28611751
show ga
The composition and metabolic traits of the microbial communities acting in an
innovative bioelectrochemical system were here investigated. The system, known as
Oil Spill Snorkel, was recently developed to stimulate the oxidative
biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments. Next
Generation Sequencing was used to describe the microbiome of the bulk sediment
and of the biofilm growing attached to the surface of the electrode. The analysis
revealed that sulfur cycling primarily drives the microbial metabolic activities
occurring in the bioelectrochemical system. In the anoxic zone of the
contaminated marine sediment, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation occurred under
sulfate-reducing conditions and was lead by different families of
Desulfobacterales (46% of total OTUs). Remarkably, the occurrence of filamentous
Desulfubulbaceae, known to be capable to vehicle electrons deriving from sulfide
oxidation to oxygen serving as a spatially distant electron acceptor, was
demonstrated. Differently from the sediment, which was mostly colonized by
Deltaproteobacteria, the biofilm at the anode hosted, at high extent, members of
Alphaproteobacteria (59%) mostly affiliated to Rhodospirillaceae family (33%) and
including several known sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing genera. Overall, we showed
the occurrence in the system of a variety of electroactive microorganisms able to
sustain the contaminant biodegradation alone or by means of an external
conductive support through the establishment of a bioelectrochemical connection
between two spatially separated redox zones and the preservation of an efficient
sulfur cycling.