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2017 ; 7
(ä): 220
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Super-Resolution Imaging of Protein Secretion Systems and the Cell Surface of
Gram-Negative Bacteria
#MMPMID28611954
Gunasinghe SD
; Webb CT
; Elgass KD
; Hay ID
; Lithgow T
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
2017[]; 7
(ä): 220
PMID28611954
show ga
Gram-negative bacteria have a highly evolved cell wall with two membranes
composed of complex arrays of integral and peripheral proteins, as well as
phospholipids and glycolipids. In order to sense changes in, respond to, and
exploit their environmental niches, bacteria rely on structures assembled into or
onto the outer membrane. Protein secretion across the cell wall is a key process
in virulence and other fundamental aspects of bacterial cell biology. The final
stage of protein secretion in Gram-negative bacteria, translocation across the
outer membrane, is energetically challenging so sophisticated nanomachines have
evolved to meet this challenge. Advances in fluorescence microscopy now allow for
the direct visualization of the protein secretion process, detailing the dynamics
of (i) outer membrane biogenesis and the assembly of protein secretion systems
into the outer membrane, (ii) the spatial distribution of these and other
membrane proteins on the bacterial cell surface, and (iii) translocation of
effector proteins, toxins and enzymes by these protein secretion systems. Here we
review the frontier research imaging the process of secretion, particularly new
studies that are applying various modes of super-resolution microscopy.