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2017 ; 7
(1
): 2400
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Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in
near-surface sediment
#MMPMID28546547
Chen X
; Andersen TJ
; Morono Y
; Inagaki F
; Jørgensen BB
; Lever MA
Sci Rep
2017[May]; 7
(1
): 2400
PMID28546547
show ga
The factors controlling the relative abundances of Archaea and Bacteria in marine
sediments are poorly understood. We determined depth distributions of archaeal
and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by quantitative PCR at eight stations in Aarhus Bay,
Denmark. Bacterial outnumber archaeal genes 10-60-fold in uppermost sediments
that are irrigated and mixed by macrofauna. This bioturbation is indicated by
visual observations of sediment color and faunal tracks, by porewater profiles of
dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate, and by distributions of unsupported
(210)Pb and (137)Cs. Below the depth of bioturbation, the relative abundances of
archaeal genes increase, accounting for one third of 16S rRNA genes in the
sulfate zone, and half of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate-methane transition zone
and methane zone. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a strong shift in bacterial and
archaeal community structure from bioturbated sediments to underlying layers.
Stable isotopic analyses on organic matter and porewater geochemical gradients
suggest that macrofauna mediate bacterial dominance and affect microbial
community structure in bioturbated sediment by introducing fresh organic matter
and high-energy electron acceptors from overlying seawater. Below the zone of
bioturbation, organic matter content and the presence of sulfate exert key
influences on bacterial and archaeal abundances and overall microbial community
structure.