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2017 ; 8
(18
): 30151-30161
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The preclinical assessment of XL388, a mTOR kinase inhibitor, as a promising
anti-renal cell carcinoma agent
#MMPMID28404914
Xiong Z
; Zang Y
; Zhong S
; Zou L
; Wu Y
; Liu S
; Fang Z
; Shen Z
; Ding Q
; Chen S
Oncotarget
2017[May]; 8
(18
): 30151-30161
PMID28404914
show ga
XL388 is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor. We demonstrated
that XL388 inhibited survival and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
cell lines (786-0 and A549) and primary human RCC cells. XL388 activated
caspase-dependent apoptosis in the RCC cells. XL388 blocked mTOR complex 1
(mTORC1) and mTORC2 activation, and depleted hypoxia-inducible factor 1? (HIF1?)
and HIF-2? expression in RCC cells. Yet, XL388 was ineffective in RCC cells with
mTOR shRNA knockdown or kinase-dead mutation. Notably, XL388 was more efficient
than mTORC1 inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus and temsirolimus) in killing RCC
cells. Further studies showed that activation of MEK-ERK might be a key
resistance factor of XL388. Pharmacological or shRNA-mediated inhibition of
MEK-ERK pathway sensitized XL388-induced cytotoxicity in RCC cells. In vivo, oral
administration of XL388 inhibited in nude mice 786-0 RCC tumor growth, and its
anti-tumor activity was sensitized with co-administration of the MEK-ERK
inhibitor MEK162. Together, these results suggest that concurrent inhibition of
mTORC1/2 by XL388 may represent a fine strategy to inhibit RCC cells.