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2017 ; 8
(18
): 30077-30091
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Thalidezine, a novel AMPK activator, eliminates apoptosis-resistant cancer cells
through energy-mediated autophagic cell death
#MMPMID28404910
Law BYK
; Gordillo-Martínez F
; Qu YQ
; Zhang N
; Xu SW
; Coghi PS
; Mok SWF
; Guo J
; Zhang W
; Leung ELH
; Fan XX
; Wu AG
; Chan WK
; Yao XJ
; Wang JR
; Liu L
; Wong VKW
Oncotarget
2017[May]; 8
(18
): 30077-30091
PMID28404910
show ga
Cancers illustrating resistance towards apoptosis is one of the main factors
causing clinical failure of conventional chemotherapy. Innovative therapeutic
methods which can overcome the non-apoptotic phenotype are needed. The
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central regulator of cellular energy
homeostasis, metabolism, and autophagy. Our previous study showed that the
identified natural AMPK activator is able to overcome apoptosis-resistant cancer
via autophagic cell death. Therefore, AMPK is an ideal pharmaceutical target for
chemoresistant cancers. Here, we unravelled that the bisbenzylisoquinoline
alkaloid thalidezine is a novel direct AMPK activator by using biolayer
interferometry analysis and AMPK kinase assays. The quantification of autophagic
EGFP-LC3 puncta demonstrated that thalidezine increased autophagic flux in HeLa
cancer cells. In addition, metabolic stress assay confirmed that thalidezine
altered the energy status of our cellular model. Remarkably, thalidezine-induced
autophagic cell death in HeLa or apoptosis-resistant DLD-1 BAX-BAK DKO cancer
cells was abolished by addition of autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and AMPK inhibitor
(compound C). The mechanistic role of autophagic cell death in resistant cancer
cells was further supported through the genetic removal of autophagic gene7
(Atg7). Overall, thalidezine is a novel AMPK activator which has great potential
to be further developed into a safe and effective intervention for apoptosis- or
multidrug-resistant cancers.