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10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00497 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00497 C5444333!5444333!26771051     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Chem+Res+Toxicol 2016 ; 29 (2): 227-34 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26771051|t=2016. Metformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabolite in Humans |pdf=|usr=}}{{26771051}} gab.com Text Metformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabolite in Humans JO: Chem Res Toxicol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26771051 #FOAvip Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound involved in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Levels of MG are elevated in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and AGE have been implicated in the progression of diabetic complications. The antihyperglycemic drug metformin (MF) has been suggested to be a scavenger of MG. The present work examined and characterized unequivocally the resulting scavenged product from the metformin?MG reaction. The primary product was characterized by 1H, 13C, 2D-HSQC, and HMBC NMR and tandem mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction analysis determined the structure of the metformin and MG-derived imidazolinone compound as (E)-1,1-dimethyl-2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yI)guanidine (IMZ). A LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring method was developed to detect and quantify the presence of IMZ in metformin-treated T2DM patients. Urine from >90 MF-treated T2DM patients was analyzed, with increased levels of MF directly correlating with elevations in IMZ. Urinary MF was detected in the range of 0.17 ?M to 23.0 mM, and simultaneous measurement of IMZ concentrations were in the range of 18.8 nM to 4.3 ?M. Since plasma concentrations of MG range from 40 nM to 4.5 ?M, the level of IMZ production may be of therapeutic significance. Thus, in addition to lowering hepatic gluconeogenesis, metformin also scavenges the highly reactive MG in vivo, thereby reducing potentially detrimental MG protein adducts, with subsequent reductions in diabetic complications. Twit Text FOAVip Metformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabolite in Humans ????Chem Res Toxicol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26771051 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26771051 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26771051}}</ref> Metformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabolite in Humans #MMPMID26771051 Kinsky OR; Hargraves TL; Anumol T; Jacobsen NE; Dai J; Snyder SA; Monks TJ; Lau SS Chem Res Toxicol 2016[Feb]; 29 (2): 227-34 PMID26771051show ga Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound involved in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Levels of MG are elevated in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and AGE have been implicated in the progression of diabetic complications. The antihyperglycemic drug metformin (MF) has been suggested to be a scavenger of MG. The present work examined and characterized unequivocally the resulting scavenged product from the metformin?MG reaction. The primary product was characterized by 1H, 13C, 2D-HSQC, and HMBC NMR and tandem mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction analysis determined the structure of the metformin and MG-derived imidazolinone compound as (E)-1,1-dimethyl-2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yI)guanidine (IMZ). A LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring method was developed to detect and quantify the presence of IMZ in metformin-treated T2DM patients. Urine from >90 MF-treated T2DM patients was analyzed, with increased levels of MF directly correlating with elevations in IMZ. Urinary MF was detected in the range of 0.17 ?M to 23.0 mM, and simultaneous measurement of IMZ concentrations were in the range of 18.8 nM to 4.3 ?M. Since plasma concentrations of MG range from 40 nM to 4.5 ?M, the level of IMZ production may be of therapeutic significance. Thus, in addition to lowering hepatic gluconeogenesis, metformin also scavenges the highly reactive MG in vivo, thereby reducing potentially detrimental MG protein adducts, with subsequent reductions in diabetic complications. äMetformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabo(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing