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10.1126/science.aad4821 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1126/science.aad4821 C5441687!5441687!27126038     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Science 2016 ; 352 (6285): 550-5 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27126038|t=2016. Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep - wake cycle |pdf=|usr=}}{{27126038}} gab.com Text Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep - wake cycle JO: Science http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27126038 #FOAvip Wakefulness is driven by the widespread release of neuromodulators by the ascending arousal system. Yet, it is unclear how these substances orchestrate state-dependent, global changes in neuronal activity. Here we show that neuromodulators induce increases in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) in cortical slices electrically silenced by tetrodotoxin. In vivo, arousal was linked to AMPA receptor-independent elevations of [K+]e concomitant with decreases in [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, and the extracellular volume. Opposite, natural sleep and anesthesia reduced [K+]e, while increasing [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, as well as the extracellular volume. Local cortical activity of sleeping mice could be readily converted to the stereotypical EEG pattern of wakefulness by simply imposing a change in the extracellular ion composition. Thus, extracellular ions control the state-dependent patterns of neural activity. Twit Text FOAVip Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep - wake cycle ????Science http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27126038 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27126038 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27126038}}</ref> Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep - wake cycle #MMPMID27126038 Ding F; O?Donnell J; Xu Q; Kang N; Goldman N; Nedergaard M Science 2016[Apr]; 352 (6285): 550-5 PMID27126038show ga Wakefulness is driven by the widespread release of neuromodulators by the ascending arousal system. Yet, it is unclear how these substances orchestrate state-dependent, global changes in neuronal activity. Here we show that neuromodulators induce increases in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) in cortical slices electrically silenced by tetrodotoxin. In vivo, arousal was linked to AMPA receptor-independent elevations of [K+]e concomitant with decreases in [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, and the extracellular volume. Opposite, natural sleep and anesthesia reduced [K+]e, while increasing [Ca2+]e, [Mg2+]e, [H+]e, as well as the extracellular volume. Local cortical activity of sleeping mice could be readily converted to the stereotypical EEG pattern of wakefulness by simply imposing a change in the extracellular ion composition. Thus, extracellular ions control the state-dependent patterns of neural activity. äChanges in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the slee(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing