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2017 ; 8
(17
): 28510-28525
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Itraconazole exerts its anti-melanoma effect by suppressing Hedgehog, Wnt, and
PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways
#MMPMID28212537
Liang G
; Liu M
; Wang Q
; Shen Y
; Mei H
; Li D
; Liu W
Oncotarget
2017[Apr]; 8
(17
): 28510-28525
PMID28212537
show ga
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of all skin cancers. Itraconazole, a
commonly used systemic antifungal drug, has been tested for its anti-tumor
effects on basal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.
Whether itraconazole has any specific anti-tumor effect on melanoma remains
unknown. However, the goal of this study is to investigate the effect of
itraconazole on melanoma and to reveal some details of its underlying mechanism.
In the in vivo xenograft mouse model, we find that itraconazole can inhibit
melanoma growth and extend the survival of melanoma xenograft mice, compared to
non-itraconazole-treated mice. Also, itraconazole can significantly inhibit cell
proliferation, as demonstrated by Ki-67 staining in itraconazole-treated tumor
tissues. In in vitro, we show that itraconazole inhibits the proliferation and
colony formation of both SK-MEL-28 and A375 human melanoma cells. Moreover, we
demonstrate that itraconazole significantly down-regulates Gli-1, Gli-2, Wnt3A,
?-catenin and cyclin D1, while it up-regulates Gli-3 and Axin-1, indicating
potent inhibitory effects of itraconazole on Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signaling
pathways. Furthermore, itraconazole significantly suppresses the PI3K/mTOR
signaling pathway - indicated by the down-regulated phosphorylation of p70S6K,
4E-BP1 and AKT - but has no effect on the phosphorylation of MEK or ERK. Our data
suggest that itraconazole inhibits melanoma growth through an interacting
regulatory network that includes Hh, Wnt, and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways. These
results suggest that this agent has several potent anti-melanoma features and may
be useful in the synergesis of other anti-cancer drugs via blockage of the Hh,
Wnt and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways.