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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Immunol+Res 2011 ; 50 (2-3): 118-23 Nephropedia Template TP
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Macrophage Responses to Bacterial Toxins: a balance between activation and suppression #MMPMID21717083
Keyel PA; Heid ME; Salter RD
Immunol Res 2011[Aug]; 50 (2-3): 118-23 PMID21717083show ga
Toxins secreted by bacteria can impact the host in a number of different ways. In some infections, toxins play a crucial and central role in pathogenesis (i.e. anthrax), while in other bacterial infections, the role of toxins is less understood. The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), of which streptolysin O is a prototype, are a class of pore-forming toxins produced by many Gram positive bacteria and have only been studied in a few experimental infection models. Our laboratory has demonstrated that CDCs have effects on macrophages that are both pro-and anti-inflammatory. Here we review evidence that CDCs promote inflammation by driving the secretion of IL-1? and HMGB-1 from macrophages in a NLRP3 dependent manner, while also causing shedding of membrane microvesicles from cells that can interact with macrophages and inhibit TNF-? release. CDCs thus impact macrophage function in ways that may be both beneficial and detrimental to the host.