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2017 ; 10
(1
): 1-14
Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
Classifying Hydroceles of the Pelvis and Groin: An Overview of Etiology,
Secondary Complications, Evaluation, and Management
#MMPMID28559772
Dagur G
; Gandhi J
; Suh Y
; Weissbart S
; Sheynkin YR
; Smith NL
; Joshi G
; Khan SA
Curr Urol
2017[Apr]; 10
(1
): 1-14
PMID28559772
show ga
INTRODUCTION: A hydrocele is defined as the pathological buildup of serous fluid
in the pelvis and groin due to various etiologies such as diseases or trauma. It
has distinct clinical manifestations, particularly discomfort and psychosocial
distress. Understanding the anatomy, embryology, and physiology associated with
hydrocele formation is crucial to understand its onset and progression. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: A MEDLINE(®) search was conducted using keywords for the relevant
classification of hydrocele and its etiology, complications, sexual barriers,
evaluation, and management. RESULTS: Appropriately classifying the hydrocele as
primary, secondary communicating, secondary noncommunicating, microbe-induced,
inflammatory, iatrogenic, trauma-induced, tumor-induced, canal of Nuck,
congenital, and giant is important for identifying the underlying etiology. Often
this process is overlooked when the classification or etiology is too rare. A
focused evaluation is important for this, so that timely management can be
provided. We comprehensively review the classifications, etiology, and secondary
complications of hydrocele. Pitfalls of current diagnostic techniques are
explored along with recommended methods for accurate diagnosis and current
treatment options. CONCLUSION: Due to the range of classifications and etiologies
of hydrocele in the pelvis and groin, a deliberate differential diagnosis is
essential to avoiding imminent life-threatening complications as well as
providing the appropriate treatment.