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2017 ; 12
(5
): e0177916
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Incidence and risk factors for developing infection in patients presenting with
uninfected diabetic foot ulcers
#MMPMID28545120
Jia L
; Parker CN
; Parker TJ
; Kinnear EM
; Derhy PH
; Alvarado AM
; Huygens F
; Lazzarini PA
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(5
): e0177916
PMID28545120
show ga
OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of research on patients presenting with uninfected
diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) that go on to develop infection. We aimed to
investigate the incidence and risk factors for developing infection in a large
regional cohort of patients presenting with uninfected DFUs. METHODS: We
performed a secondary analysis of data collected from a validated prospective
state-wide clinical diabetic foot database in Queensland (Australia). Patients
presenting for their first visit with an uninfected DFU to a Diabetic Foot
Service in one of thirteen Queensland regions between January 2012 and December
2013 were included. Socio-demographic, medical history, foot disease history, DFU
characteristics and treatment variables were captured at the first visit.
Patients were followed until their DFU healed, or if their DFU did not heal for
12-months, to determine if they developed a foot infection in that period.
RESULTS: Overall, 853 patients were included; mean(standard deviation) age
62.9(12.8) years, 68.0% male, 90.9% type 2 diabetes, 13.6% indigenous
Australians. Foot infection developed in 342 patients for an overall incidence of
40.1%; 32.4% incidence in DFUs healed <3 months, 55.9% in DFUs healed between
3-12 months (p<0.05). Independent risk factors (Odds Ratio (95% confidence
interval)) for developing infection were: DFUs healed between 3-12 months (2.3
(1.6-3.3)), deep DFUs (2.2 (1.2-3.9)), peripheral neuropathy (1.8 (1.1-2.9)),
previous DFU history (1.7 (1.2-2.4)), foot deformity (1.4 (1.0-2.0)), female
gender (1.5 (1.1-2.1)) and years of age (0.98 (0.97-0.99)) (all p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of patients presenting with an uninfected
DFU will develop an infection prior to healing. To prevent infection clinicians
treating patients with uninfected DFUs should be particularly vigilant with those
presenting with deep DFUs, previous DFU history, peripheral neuropathy, foot
deformity, younger age, female gender and DFUs that have not healed by 3 months
after presentation.