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2017 ; 12
(5
): e0177649
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ALS skeletal muscle shows enhanced TGF-? signaling, fibrosis and induction of
fibro/adipogenic progenitor markers
#MMPMID28520806
Gonzalez D
; Contreras O
; Rebolledo DL
; Espinoza JP
; van Zundert B
; Brandan E
PLoS One
2017[]; 12
(5
): e0177649
PMID28520806
show ga
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which
upper and lower motoneurons degenerate leading to muscle wasting, paralysis and
eventually death from respiratory failure. Several studies indicate that skeletal
muscle contributes to disease progression; however the molecular mechanisms
remain elusive. Fibrosis is a common feature in skeletal muscle under chronic
damage conditions such as those caused by muscular dystrophies or denervation.
However, the exact mechanisms of fibrosis induction and the cellular bases of
this pathological response are unknown. We show that extracellular matrix (ECM)
components are augmented in skeletal muscles of symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice, a
widely used murine model of ALS. These mice also show increased TGF-?1 mRNA
levels, total Smad3 protein levels and p-Smad3 positive nuclei. Furthermore,
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-? (PDGFR?), Tcf4 and ?-smooth muscle
actin (?-SMA) levels are augmented in the skeletal muscle of symptomatic
hSOD1G93A mice. Additionally, the fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are
the main producers of ECM constituents, are also increased in these pathogenic
conditions. Therefore, FAPs and ECM components are more abundant in symptomatic
stages of the disease than in pre-symptomatic stages. We present evidence that
fibrosis observed in skeletal muscle of symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice is accompanied
with an induction of TGF-? signaling, and also that FAPs might be involved in
triggering a fibrotic response. Co-localization of p-Smad3 positive cells
together with PDGFR? was observed in the interstitial cells of skeletal muscles
from symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice. Finally, the targeting of pro-fibrotic factors
such as TGF-?, CTGF/CCN2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling
pathway might be a suitable therapeutic approach to improve muscle function in
several degenerative diseases.