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2016 ; 315
(8
): 762-74
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Assessment of Clinical Criteria for Sepsis: For the Third International Consensus
Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)
#MMPMID26903335
Seymour CW
; Liu VX
; Iwashyna TJ
; Brunkhorst FM
; Rea TD
; Scherag A
; Rubenfeld G
; Kahn JM
; Shankar-Hari M
; Singer M
; Deutschman CS
; Escobar GJ
; Angus DC
JAMA
2016[Feb]; 315
(8
): 762-74
PMID26903335
show ga
IMPORTANCE: The Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force defined
sepsis as "life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response
to infection." The performance of clinical criteria for this sepsis definition is
unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of clinical criteria to identify
patients with suspected infection who are at risk of sepsis. DESIGN, SETTINGS,
AND POPULATION: Among 1.3 million electronic health record encounters from
January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, at 12 hospitals in southwestern
Pennsylvania, we identified those with suspected infection in whom to compare
criteria. Confirmatory analyses were performed in 4 data sets of 706,399
out-of-hospital and hospital encounters at 165 US and non-US hospitals ranging
from January 1, 2008, until December 31, 2013. EXPOSURES: Sequential
[Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, systemic inflammatory
response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS)
score, and a new model derived using multivariable logistic regression in a split
sample, the quick Sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)
score (range, 0-3 points, with 1 point each for systolic hypotension [?100 mm
Hg], tachypnea [?22/min], or altered mentation). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: For
construct validity, pairwise agreement was assessed. For predictive validity, the
discrimination for outcomes (primary: in-hospital mortality; secondary:
in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit [ICU] length of stay ?3 days) more
common in sepsis than uncomplicated infection was determined. Results were
expressed as the fold change in outcome over deciles of baseline risk of death
and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: In
the primary cohort, 148,907 encounters had suspected infection (n?=?74,453
derivation; n?=?74,454 validation), of whom 6347 (4%) died. Among ICU encounters
in the validation cohort (n?=?7932 with suspected infection, of whom 1289 [16%]
died), the predictive validity for in-hospital mortality was lower for SIRS
(AUROC?=?0.64; 95% CI, 0.62-0.66) and qSOFA (AUROC?=?0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68) vs
SOFA (AUROC?=?0.74; 95% CI, 0.73-0.76; P?.001 for both) or LODS (AUROC?=?0.75;
95% CI, 0.73-0.76; P?.001 for both). Among non-ICU encounters in the validation
cohort (n?=?66?522 with suspected infection, of whom 1886 [3%] died), qSOFA had
predictive validity (AUROC?=?0.81; 95% CI, 0.80-0.82) that was greater than SOFA
(AUROC?=?0.79; 95% CI, 0.78-0.80; P?.001) and SIRS (AUROC?=?0.76; 95% CI,
0.75-0.77; P?.001). Relative to qSOFA scores lower than 2, encounters with
qSOFA scores of 2 or higher had a 3- to 14-fold increase in hospital mortality
across baseline risk deciles. Findings were similar in external data sets and for
the secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among ICU encounters with
suspected infection, the predictive validity for in-hospital mortality of SOFA
was not significantly different than the more complex LODS but was statistically
greater than SIRS and qSOFA, supporting its use in clinical criteria for sepsis.
Among encounters with suspected infection outside of the ICU, the predictive
validity for in-hospital mortality of qSOFA was statistically greater than SOFA
and SIRS, supporting its use as a prompt to consider possible sepsis.
|*Hospital Mortality
[MESH]
|*Organ Dysfunction Scores
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Consensus
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Hypotension/diagnosis
[MESH]
|Infections/blood/diagnosis/epidemiology
[MESH]
|Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]