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2017 ; 39
(6
): 1461-1467
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G-protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates the effects of estrogen on endothelial
cell tube formation in vitro
#MMPMID28440394
Zhou L
; Chen H
; Mao X
; Qi H
; Baker PN
; Zhang H
Int J Mol Med
2017[Jun]; 39
(6
): 1461-1467
PMID28440394
show ga
The placenta is the exchange organ between the mother and the fetus. The
inadequate function of this organ is associated with a number of pregnancy
disorders. Hypoxia and oxidative stress during placental development may induce
endothelial dysfunction, resulting in the reduction in the perfusion of the
placenta. During pregnancy, the levels of estrogen are increased. Decreased
estrogen levels have been reported in women with preeclampsia. However, whether
estrogen is involved in placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we
aimed to investigate the effects of estrogen on endothelial cell tube formation
and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, human umbilical
vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with 17???estradiol under
conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The total pipe length of the tube?like
structure on endothelial cells was measured. The expression levels of
G?protein?coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and endothelial nitric oxide
synthase (eNOS) and Akt were also measured in the endothelial cells following
treatment with 17???estradiol under H/R conditions by western blot analysis and
immunostaining. We found that the total pipe length of the tube?like structure on
endothelial cells was significantly reduced. This reduction was reversed by
treatment with 17???estradiol. The expression of GPR30 in endothelial cells was
significantly increased following treatment with 17???estradiol under
H/R conditions. Furthermore, the levels of eNOS and Akt in endothelial cells were
also significantly increased following treatment with 17-?-estradiol under
H/R conditions. The activation of eNOS was inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor
of PI3K/Akt. Our data thus demonstrate that estrogen prevents the failure of
endothelial cell tube formation induced by H/R. GPR30 plays an important role in
these protective effects through the activation of eNOS and Akt in endothelial
cells. Our data suggest that increased levels of estrogen are important for
placental angiogenesis.