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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Biophys+Rev
2015 ; 7
(1
): 43-62
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Microdomain-specific localization of functional ion channels in cardiomyocytes:
an emerging concept of local regulation and remodelling
#MMPMID28509981
Balycheva M
; Faggian G
; Glukhov AV
; Gorelik J
Biophys Rev
2015[Mar]; 7
(1
): 43-62
PMID28509981
show ga
Cardiac excitation involves the generation of action potential by individual
cells and the subsequent conduction of the action potential from cell to cell
through intercellular gap junctions. Excitation of the cellular membrane results
in opening of the voltage-gated L-type calcium ion (Ca(2+)) channels, thereby
allowing a small amount of Ca(2+) to enter the cell, which in turn triggers the
release of a much greater amount of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the
intracellular Ca(2+) store, and gives rise to the systolic Ca(2+) transient and
contraction. These processes are highly regulated by the autonomic nervous
system, which ensures the acute and reliable contractile function of the heart
and the short-term modulation of this function upon changes in heart rate or
workload. It has recently become evident that discrete clusters of different ion
channels and regulatory receptors are present in the sarcolemma, where they form
an interacting network and work together as a part of a macro-molecular
signalling complex which in turn allows the specificity, reliability and accuracy
of the autonomic modulation of the excitation-contraction processes by a variety
of neurohormonal pathways. Disruption in subcellular targeting of ion channels
and associated signalling proteins may contribute to the pathophysiology of a
variety of cardiac diseases, including heart failure and certain arrhythmias.
Recent methodological advances have made it possible to routinely image the
topography of live cardiomyocytes, allowing the study of clustering functional
ion channels and receptors as well as their coupling within a specific
microdomain. In this review we highlight the emerging understanding of the
functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in cardiac myocytes (e.g.
T-tubules, lipid rafts/caveolae, costameres and intercalated discs) and their
functional role in the accumulation and regulation of different subcellular
populations of sodium, Ca(2+) and potassium ion channels and their contributions
to cellular signalling and cardiac pathology.