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2014 ; 49
(11
): 2705-2719
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A 1024-Channel CMOS Microelectrode Array With 26,400 Electrodes for Recording and
Stimulation of Electrogenic Cells In Vitro
#MMPMID28502989
Ballini M
; Müller J
; Livi P
; Chen Y
; Frey U
; Stettler A
; Shadmani A
; Viswam V
; Jones IL
; Jäckel D
; Radivojevic M
; Lewandowska MK
; Gong W
; Fiscella M
; Bakkum DJ
; Heer F
; Hierlemann A
IEEE J Solid-State Circuits
2014[Nov]; 49
(11
): 2705-2719
PMID28502989
show ga
To advance our understanding of the functioning of neuronal ensembles, systems
are needed to enable simultaneous recording from a large number of individual
neurons at high spatiotemporal resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio.
Moreover, stimulation capability is highly desirable for investigating, for
example, plasticity and learning processes. Here, we present a microelectrode
array (MEA) system on a single CMOS die for in vitro recording and stimulation.
The system incorporates 26,400 platinum electrodes, fabricated by in-house
post-processing, over a large sensing area (3.85 × 2.10 mm(2)) with sub-cellular
spatial resolution (pitch of 17.5 ?m). Owing to an area and power efficient
implementation, we were able to integrate 1024 readout channels on chip to record
extracellular signals from a user-specified selection of electrodes. These
channels feature noise values of 2.4 ?V(rms) in the action-potential band (300
Hz-10 kHz) and 5.4 ?V(rms) in the local-field-potential band (1 Hz-300 Hz), and
provide programmable gain (up to 78 dB) to accommodate various biological
preparations. Amplified and filtered signals are digitized by 10 bit parallel
single-slope ADCs at 20 kSamples/s. The system also includes 32 stimulation
units, which can elicit neural spikes through either current or voltage pulses.
The chip consumes only 75 mW in total, which obviates the need of active cooling
even for sensitive cell cultures.