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2014 ; 6
(3-4
): 291-310
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Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace elements on
their pathogenesis: a review
#MMPMID28510032
Singh VK
; Rai PK
Biophys Rev
2014[Dec]; 6
(3-4
): 291-310
PMID28510032
show ga
Kidney stone disease is a polygenic and multifactorial disorder with a worldwide
distribution, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing. Although
significant progress has been made in recent years towards identifying the
specific factors that contribute to the formation of kidney stone, many questions
on the pathogenesis of kidney stones remain partially or completely unanswered.
However, none of the proposed mechanisms specifically consider the role(s) of the
trace elements and, consequently, the contribution of trace constituents to the
pathogenesis of kidney stones remains unclear and under debate. The findings of
some studies seem to support a role for some major and trace elements in the
initiation of stone crystallization, including as a nucleus or nidus for the
formation of the stone or simply as a contaminant of the stone structure. Thus,
the analysis of kidney stones is an important component of investigations on
nephrolithiasis in order to understand the role of trace constituents in the
formation of kidney stones and to formulate future strategies for the treatment
and prevention of stone formation and its recurrence. The aim of this review is
to compare and evaluate the methods/procedures commonly used in the analysis of
urinary calculi. We also highlight the role of major and trace elements in the
pathogenesis of kidney stones.