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Acquired Fanconi syndrome due to long-term adefovir administration in a patient
with IgG-kappa monoclonal gammopathy and kappa Bence-Jones protein
#MMPMID28509196
Kaneko S
; Hatakeyama Y
; Tsukamoto Y
CEN Case Rep
2014[Nov]; 3
(2
): 188-194
PMID28509196
show ga
A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a right femoral neck fracture.
He had been prescribed lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B infection for 11 years,
and adefovir was added 5 years ago. After hospitalization, a right femoral head
prosthesis was performed successfully, but an unknown hypokalemia was revealed.
Hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, glucosuria, and panaminoaciduria were also
revealed, and multiple microfractures were detected by bone scintigraphy. We
diagnosed him as 'osteomalacia associated with Fanconi syndrome,' which was
likely due to the adefovir. Moreover, a monoclonal IgG-kappa and a kappa
Bence-Jones protein were detected in his serum and urine, respectively. We
switched from adefovir plus lamivudine to entecavir and started calcitriol. His
excessive urinary ?2-microglobulin excretion and glucosuria had decreased
dramatically at 10 weeks after the modification of drugs; those of the phosphate,
uric acid and total protein, however, continued. Renal biopsy specimens obtained
at 10 weeks after discontinuation of adefovir revealed focal tubular atrophic
changes with/without inflammatory cells, which were predominantly observed next
to glomeruli. Kappa-dominant staining was not observed in either glomeruli or
tubules with immunostaining by the enzyme-labeled antibody method. Electron
microscopy revealed neither crystalline structures in the cytoplasm of proximal
tubules nor electron-dense deposits. Because of the remarkable proportional
reduction of other urinary protein fractions, urinary M-peak appeared 26 weeks
after discontinuation of adefovir, but the net amounts of the fraction decreased
gradually.