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2017 ; 66
(2
): 75-89
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a multifunctional chemical sensor for host defense
and homeostatic maintenance
#MMPMID27980293
Kawajiri K
; Fujii-Kuriyama Y
Exp Anim
2017[May]; 66
(2
): 75-89
PMID27980293
show ga
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a pivotal chemical sensor that transduces
extrinsic and intrinsic signals into cellular responses. AHR was originally
thought to be involved in not only drug metabolism but also carcinogenic and
toxicological responses against environmental contaminants, such as
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
However, recent studies demonstrate that the AHR plays multiple intrinsic roles
in host defense and homeostasis as well, including immunity, stem cell
maintenance, and cell differentiation, upon binding with an increasing number of
newly defined dietary, cellular, and microbe-derived ligands. In addition, AHR is
a convergence point for several signaling cascades, which may be involved in the
diverse diseases caused by binding of the persistent ligand TCDD with extremely
high affinity to AHR. A comprehensive understanding of physiological and
pathological processes initiated by endogenous AHR agonists and antagonists may
allow for the therapeutic regulation of AHR activity. Thus, the AHR can be a
valuable diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for human diseases.