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2016 ; 10
(4
): 389-415
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Working Memory Capacity, Mind Wandering, and Creative Cognition: An
Individual-Differences Investigation into the Benefits of Controlled Versus
Spontaneous Thought
#MMPMID28458764
Smeekens BA
; Kane MJ
Psychol Aesthet Creat Arts
2016[Nov]; 10
(4
): 389-415
PMID28458764
show ga
Should executive control, as indicated by working memory capacity (WMC) and
mind-wandering propensity, help or hinder creativity? Sustained and focused
attention should help guide a selective search of solution-relevant information
in memory and help inhibit uncreative, yet accessible, ideas. However, unfocused
attention and daydreaming should allow mental access to more loosely relevant
concepts, remotely linked to commonplace solutions. Three individual-differences
studies inserted incubation periods into one or two divergent thinking tasks and
tested whether WMC (assessed by complex span tasks) and incubation-period mind
wandering (assessed as probed reports of task-unrelated thought [TUT]) predicted
post-incubation performance. Retrospective self-reports of Openness (Experiment
2) and mind-wandering and daydreaming propensity (Experiment 3) complemented our
thought-probe assessments of TUT. WMC did not correlate with creativity in
divergent thinking, whereas only the questionnaire measure of daydreaming, but
not probed thought reports, weakly predicted creativity; the fact that
in-the-moment TUTs did not correlate divergent creativity is especially
problematic for claims that mind-wandering processes contribute to creative
cognition. Moreover, the fact that WMC tends to strongly predict analytical
problem solving and reasoning, but may not correlate with divergent thinking,
provides a useful boundary condition for defining WMC's nomological net. On
balance, our data provide no support for either benefits or costs of executive
control for at least one component of creativity.