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2017 ; 8
(ä): 505
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Impact of Autoantibodies against Glycolytic Enzymes on Pathogenicity of
Autoimmune Retinopathy and Other Autoimmune Disorders
#MMPMID28503176
Adamus G
Front Immunol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 505
PMID28503176
show ga
Autoantibodies (AAbs) against glycolytic enzymes: aldolase, ?-enolase,
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase are prevalent in
sera of patients with blinding retinal diseases, such as paraneoplastic
[cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR)] and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune
retinopathies, as well as in many other autoimmune diseases. CAR is a
degenerative disease of the retina characterized by sudden vision loss in
patients with cancer and serum anti-retinal AAbs. In this review, we discuss the
widespread serum presence of anti-glycolytic enzyme AAbs and their significance
in autoimmune diseases. There are multiple mechanisms responsible for antibody
generation, including the innate anti-microbial response, anti-tumor response, or
autoimmune response against released self-antigens from damaged, inflamed tissue.
AAbs against enolase, GADPH, and aldolase exist in a single patient in elevated
titers, suggesting their participation in pathogenicity. The lack of restriction
of AAbs to one disease may be related to an increased expression of glycolytic
enzymes in various metabolically active tissues that triggers an autoimmune
response and generation of AAbs with the same specificity in several chronic and
autoimmune conditions. In CAR, the importance of serum anti-glycolytic enzyme
AAbs had been previously dismissed, but the retina may be without pathological
consequence until a failure of the blood-retinal barrier function, which would
then allow pathogenic AAbs access to their retinal targets, ultimately leading to
damaging effects.