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2016 ; 7
(2
): e2103
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The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein A1/Bfl-1 regulates neutrophil survival
and homeostasis and is controlled via PI3K and JAK/STAT signaling
#MMPMID26890142
Vier J
; Groth M
; Sochalska M
; Kirschnek S
Cell Death Dis
2016[Feb]; 7
(2
): e2103
PMID26890142
show ga
Neutrophil granulocytes are innate effector cells of the first line of defense
against pyogenic bacteria. Neutrophil lifespan is short, is prolonged by
pro-inflammatory stimuli, controls functionality of the cells and can determine
tissue damage. Experimental analysis of primary neutrophils is difficult because
of their short lifespan and lack of possibilities of genetic manipulation. The
Hoxb8 system of neutrophil differentiation from immortalized progenitor cells
offers the advantage of unlimited production of neutrophils in vitro as well as
easy genetic modification. We here use this system to analyze the role of the
poorly characterized anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) family
member A1/Bfl-1 (Bcl-2-related protein A1) for survival and homeostasis of
neutrophils and of neutrophil progenitors. Low constitutive mRNA and protein
expression of A1 was detected, while A1 was transiently upregulated early during
differentiation. Pro-inflammatory stimuli caused strong, mainly transcriptional,
A1 upregulation, in contrast to posttranscriptional regulation of Mcl-1 (induced
myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein). Inhibitor studies showed that
phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and
activator of transcription (STAT) is required for A1 expression and survival of
progenitors and mature neutrophils. ShRNA-mediated constitutive A1 knockdown (KD)
impaired maintenance of progenitors. ShRNA experiments further showed that A1 was
required early during neutrophil differentiation as well as in mature neutrophils
upon pro-inflammatory stimulation. Our data further indicate differential
regulation of the two anti-apoptotic proteins A1 and Mcl-1. Relevant findings
were confirmed in primary human neutrophils. Our data indicate that A1, in
addition to the well-established Mcl-1, substantially contributes to neutrophil
survival and homeostasis. A1 may thus be a promising target for anti-inflammatory
therapy.