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2017 ; 89
(3
): 379-399
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Gemcitabine-(5 -phosphoramidate)- anti-IGF-1R : molecular design, synthetic
organic chemistry reactions, and antineoplastic cytotoxic potency in populations
of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549)
#MMPMID27561602
Coyne CP
; Narayanan L
Chem Biol Drug Des
2017[Mar]; 89
(3
): 379-399
PMID27561602
show ga
One molecular-based approach that increases potency and reduces dose-limited
sequela is the implementation of selective 'targeted' delivery strategies for
conventional small molecular weight chemotherapeutic agents. Descriptions of the
molecular design and organic chemistry reactions that are applicable for
synthesis of covalent gemcitabine-monophosphate immunochemotherapeutics have to
date not been reported. The covalent immunopharmaceutical,
gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R] was synthesized by reacting
gemcitabine with a carbodiimide reagent to form a gemcitabine carbodiimide
phosphate ester intermediate which was subsequently reacted with imidazole to
create amine-reactive gemcitabine-(5'-phosphorylimidazolide) intermediate.
Monoclonal anti-IGF-1R immunoglobulin was combined with
gemcitabine-(5'-phosphorylimidazolide) resulting in the synthetic formation of
gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R]. The gemcitabine molar
incorporation index for gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-R1] was
2.67:1. Cytotoxicity Analysis - dramatic increases in antineoplastic cytotoxicity
were observed at and between the gemcitabine-equivalent concentrations of 10(-9)
M and 10(-7) M where lethal cancer cell death increased from 0.0% to a 93.1%
maximum (100.% to 6.93% residual survival), respectively. Advantages of the
organic chemistry reactions in the multistage synthesis scheme for
gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R] include their capacity to achieve
high chemotherapeutic molar incorporation ratios; option of producing an
amine-reactive chemotherapeutic intermediate that can be preserved for future
synthesis applications; and non-dedicated organic chemistry reaction scheme that
allows substitutions of either or both therapeutic moieties, and molecular
delivery platforms.