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2014 ; 10
(2
): 311-30
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Selective inhibition of IFNG-induced autophagy by Mir155- and Mir31-responsive
WNT5A and SHH signaling
#MMPMID24343269
Holla S
; Kurowska-Stolarska M
; Bayry J
; Balaji KN
Autophagy
2014[Feb]; 10
(2
): 311-30
PMID24343269
show ga
Autophagy is one of the major immune mechanisms engaged to clear intracellular
infectious agents. However, several pathogens have evolved strategies to evade
autophagy. Here, we demonstrated that Mycobacteria, Shigella, and Listeria but
not Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia inhibit IFNG-induced autophagy in
macrophages by evoking selective and robust activation of WNT and SHH pathways
via MTOR. Utilization of gain- or loss-of-function analyses as well as
mir155-null macrophages emphasized the role of MTOR-responsive epigenetic
modifications in the induction of Mir155 and Mir31. Importantly, cellular levels
of PP2A, a phosphatase, were regulated by Mir155 and Mir31 to fine-tune
autophagy. Diminished expression of PP2A led to inhibition of GSK3B, thus
facilitating the prolonged activation of WNT and SHH signaling pathways.
Sustained WNT and SHH signaling effectuated the expression of anti-inflammatory
lipoxygenases, which in tandem inhibited IFNG-induced JAK-STAT signaling and
contributed to evasion of autophagy. Altogether, these results established a role
for new host factors and inhibitory mechanisms employed by the pathogens to limit
autophagy, which could be targeted for therapeutic interventions.