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2009 ; 94
(6
): 1853-78
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Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in
the United States: a comprehensive review
#MMPMID19494161
Golden SH
; Robinson KA
; Saldanha I
; Anton B
; Ladenson PW
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2009[Jun]; 94
(6
): 1853-78
PMID19494161
show ga
CONTEXT: There has not been a comprehensive compilation of data regarding the
epidemiology of all endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We included 54 disorders with clinical and public health
significance. We identified population-based studies that provided U.S.
prevalence and/or incidence data by searching PubMed in December 2007 for
English-language reports, hand-searching reference lists of six textbooks of
endocrinology, obtaining additional resources from identified experts in each
subspecialty, and searching epidemiological databases and web sites of relevant
organizations. When available, we selected articles with data from 1998 or later.
Otherwise, we selected the article with the most recent data, broadest
geographical coverage, and most stratifications by sex, ethnicity, and/or age.
Ultimately, we abstracted data from 70 articles and 40 cohorts. EVIDENCE
SYNTHESIS: Endocrine disorders with U.S. prevalence estimates of at least 5% in
adults included diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose
tolerance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, osteopenia, mild-moderate
hypovitaminosis D, erectile dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and thyroiditis. Erectile
dysfunction and osteopenia/osteoporosis had the highest incidence in males and
females, respectively. The least prevalent conditions, affecting less than 1% of
the U.S. population, were diabetes mellitus in children and pituitary adenoma.
Conditions with the lowest incidence were adrenocortical carcinoma,
pheochromocytoma, and pituitary adenomas. Certain disorders, such as
hyperparathyroidism and thyroid disorders, were more common in females. As
expected, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was highest among ethnic
minorities. Sparse data were available on pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal
disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The current review shows high prevalence and incidence of
common endocrine and metabolic disorders. Defining the epidemiology of these
conditions will provide clues to risk factors and identify areas to allocate
public health and research resources.
|Age Distribution
[MESH]
|Endocrine System Diseases/*epidemiology/ethnology
[MESH]