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2017 ; 114
(15
): E3081-E3090
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Spemann organizer transcriptome induction by early beta-catenin, Wnt, Nodal, and
Siamois signals in Xenopus laevis
#MMPMID28348214
Ding Y
; Ploper D
; Sosa EA
; Colozza G
; Moriyama Y
; Benitez MD
; Zhang K
; Merkurjev D
; De Robertis EM
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2017[Apr]; 114
(15
): E3081-E3090
PMID28348214
show ga
The earliest event in Xenopus development is the dorsal accumulation of nuclear
?-catenin under the influence of cytoplasmic determinants displaced by
fertilization. In this study, a genome-wide approach was used to examine
transcription of the 43,673 genes annotated in the Xenopus laevis genome under a
variety of conditions that inhibit or promote formation of the Spemann organizer
signaling center. Loss of function of ?-catenin with antisense morpholinos
reproducibly reduced the expression of 247 mRNAs at gastrula stage.
Interestingly, only 123 ?-catenin targets were enriched on the dorsal side and
defined an early dorsal ?-catenin gene signature. These genes included several
previously unrecognized Spemann organizer components. Surprisingly, only 3 of
these 123 genes overlapped with the late Wnt signature recently defined by two
other groups using inhibition by Dkk1 mRNA or Wnt8 morpholinos, which indicates
that the effects of ?-catenin/Wnt signaling in early development are exquisitely
regulated by stage-dependent mechanisms. We analyzed transcriptome responses to a
number of treatments in a total of 46 RNA-seq libraries. These treatments
included, in addition to ?-catenin depletion, regenerating dorsal and ventral
half-embryos, lithium chloride treatment, and the overexpression of Wnt8,
Siamois, and Cerberus mRNAs. Only some of the early dorsal ?-catenin signature
genes were activated at blastula whereas others required the induction of
endomesoderm, as indicated by their inhibition by Cerberus overexpression. These
comprehensive data provide a rich resource for analyzing how the dorsal and
ventral regions of the embryo communicate with each other in a self-organizing
vertebrate model embryo.