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2017 ; 31
(5
): 439-450
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The making of a lymphocyte: the choice among disparate cell fates and the IKAROS
enigma
#MMPMID28385788
Georgopoulos K
Genes Dev
2017[Mar]; 31
(5
): 439-450
PMID28385788
show ga
Lymphocyte differentiation is set to produce myriad immune effector cells with
the ability to respond to multitudinous foreign substances. The uniqueness of
this developmental system lies in not only the great diversity of cellular
functions that it can generate but also the ability of its differentiation
intermediates and mature effector cells to expand upon demand, thereby providing
lifelong immunity. Surprisingly, the goals of this developmental system are met
by a relatively small group of DNA-binding transcription factors that work in
concert to control the timing and magnitude of gene expression and fulfill the
demands for cellular specialization, expansion, and maintenance. The cellular and
molecular mechanisms through which these lineage-promoting transcription factors
operate have been a focus of basic research in immunology. The mechanisms of
development discerned in this effort are guiding clinical research on disorders
with an immune cell base. Here, I focus on IKAROS, one of the earliest regulators
of lymphoid lineage identity and a guardian of lymphocyte homeostasis.