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2017 ; 16
(1
): 41
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Biological effects of exposure to static electric fields in humans and
vertebrates: a systematic review
#MMPMID28416002
Petri AK
; Schmiedchen K
; Stunder D
; Dechent D
; Kraus T
; Bailey WH
; Driessen S
Environ Health
2017[Apr]; 16
(1
): 41
PMID28416002
show ga
BACKGROUND: High-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines are the technology of choice
for the transport of large amounts of energy over long distances. The operation
of these lines produces static electric fields (EF), but the data reviewed in
previous assessments were not sufficient to assess the need for any environmental
limit. The aim of this systematic review was to update the current state of
research and to evaluate biological effects of static EF. METHODS: Using the
PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses)
recommendations, we collected and evaluated experimental and epidemiological
studies examining biological effects of exposure to static EF in humans (n?=?8)
and vertebrates (n?=?40). RESULTS: There is good evidence that humans and animals
are able to perceive the presence of static EF at sufficiently high levels. Hair
movements caused by electrostatic forces may play a major role in this
perception. A large number of studies reported responses of animals (e.g.,
altered metabolic, immunologic or developmental parameters) to a broad range of
static EF strengths as well, but these responses are likely secondary
physiological responses to sensory stimulation. Furthermore, the quality of many
of the studies reporting physiological responses is poor, which raises concerns
about confounding. CONCLUSION: The weight of the evidence from the literature
reviewed did not indicate that static EF have adverse biological effects in
humans or animals. The evidence strongly supported the role of superficial
sensory stimulation of hair and skin as the basis for perception of the field, as
well as reported indirect behavioral and physiological responses. Physical
considerations also preclude any direct effect of static EF on internal
physiology, and reports that some physiological processes are affected in minor
ways may be explained by other factors. While this literature does not support a
level of concern about biological effects of exposure to static EF, the
conditions that affect thresholds for human detection and possible annoyance at
suprathreshold levels should be investigated.
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