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2017 ; 43
(1
): 38
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Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection: advances and challenges in diagnosis,
prevention and treatment
#MMPMID28416012
Marsico C
; Kimberlin DW
Ital J Pediatr
2017[Apr]; 43
(1
): 38
PMID28416012
show ga
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection
worldwide, with an estimated incidence in developing countries of 0.6-0.7% of all
live births. The burden of disease related to congenital CMV in substantial, as
it is the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss and an
important cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Despite its
clinical significance, congenital CMV infection often goes undetected because the
majority of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth and screening programs
have not been substantially implemented. Other than behavioral measures,
effective interventions aimed at the prevention of maternal infection and of
mother-to-child transmission are lacking. Due to a convergence of recent advances
in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in infants with congenital CMV,
though, the field likely will be changing rapidly over just the next few years.
Specifically, a highly-sensitive screening test with high throughput potential
has been developed, and treatment of infants symptomatically infected with
congenital CMV has proven to be well-tolerated and effective in improving
long-term hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes.This review highlights the
clinical importance of congenital CMV infection, the developments in laboratory
diagnostics, and the benefits of antiviral therapy. It also identifies the global
efforts still required in the prevention of maternal infection and in the
optimization of antiviral therapy to further reduce the burden of congenital CMV
disease.
|Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Cytomegalovirus Infections/*congenital/*drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention &
control
[MESH]
|Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
[MESH]
|Developing Countries
[MESH]
|Early Diagnosis
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Incidence
[MESH]
|Infant
[MESH]
|Infant, Newborn
[MESH]
|Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control
[MESH]