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2017 ; 12
(1
): 61
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Opportunities for developing therapies for rare genetic diseases: focus on
gain-of-function and allostery
#MMPMID28412959
Chen B
; Altman RB
Orphanet J Rare Dis
2017[Apr]; 12
(1
): 61
PMID28412959
show ga
BACKGROUND: Advances in next generation sequencing technologies have
revolutionized our ability to discover the causes of rare genetic diseases.
However, developing treatments for these diseases remains challenging. In fact,
when we systematically analyze the US FDA orphan drug list, we find that only 8%
of rare diseases have an FDA-designated drug. Our approach leverages three
primary insights: first, diseases with gain-of-function mutations and late onset
are more likely to have drug options; second, drugs are more often inhibitors
than activators; and third, some disease-causing proteins can be rescued by
allosteric activators in diseases due to loss-of-function mutations. RESULTS: We
have developed a pipeline that combines natural language processing and human
curation to mine promising targets for drug development from the Online Mendelian
Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. This pipeline targets diseases caused by
well-characterized gain-of-function mutations or loss-of-function proteins with
known allosteric activators. Applying this pipeline across thousands of rare
genetic diseases, we discover 34 rare genetic diseases that are promising
candidates for drug development. CONCLUSION: Our analysis has revealed uneven
coverage of rare diseases in the current US FDA orphan drug space. Diseases with
gain-of-function mutations or loss-of-function mutations and known allosteric
activators should be prioritized for drug treatments.