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2017 ; 94
(2
): 266-275
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Gender Norms and Age-Disparate Sexual Relationships as Predictors of Intimate
Partner Violence, Sexual Violence, and Risky Sex among Adolescent Gang Members
#MMPMID27538745
Nydegger LA
; DiFranceisco W
; Quinn K
; Dickson-Gomez J
J Urban Health
2017[Apr]; 94
(2
): 266-275
PMID27538745
show ga
Unequal gender norms and age-disparate sexual relationships can lead to power
imbalances and are also associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual
coercion and violence, and sexual risk behaviors. The present study examined
these variables from both victim and perpetrator perspectives among adolescent
gang members. Age-disparate sexual relationships were defined as sex partners 5
or more years older among female participants and 5 or more years younger among
male participants. Participants were recruited from a mid-sized Midwestern city
and completed a 60-90-min audio computer-assisted self-interview in a
community-based setting. Participants in this study included 107 female gang
members (68 % African-American, 19 % Latina; mean age, 17.6) and 169 male gang
members (62 % African-American, 28 % Latino; mean age, 17.7). As hypothesized,
endorsing unequal gender norms toward women was significantly related to IPV
victimization among female participants and perpetration among male participants,
and engagement in group sex in the past month among both female and male
participants (ps?0.05). Additionally, unequal gender norms were significantly
related to male participants' perpetrating rape (p?0.05). As hypothesized,
female gang members who had been in age-disparate sexual relationships were
significantly more likely to have experienced more IPV and report being raped and
males gang members who had age-disparate sexual relationships were significantly
more likely to perpetrate IPV in the past year and perpetrate rape (ps?0.05).
Age-disparate sexual relationships were also significantly related to being gang
raped among female gang members and participating in a gang rape among male gang
members, and engaging in group sex among both female and male gang members
(ps?0.05). Female participants who had been in age-disparate sexual
relationships were more likely to have been pregnant (ps?0.05). It is essential
for researchers and public health practitioners to create programs for female
adolescents to reduce or avoid risky situations, such as inability to negotiate
condom use with older sex partners. Additionally, programs must be developed for
both female and male gang members to help them understand and identify unequal
gender norms, and interpersonal and sexual coercion/violence. Early intervention
will also be necessary as these adolescent gang members are already engaged in
extremely high-risk, coercive, and violent behaviors.