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2017 ; 131
(3
): 643-650
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The genetic evidence for human origin of Jivaroan shrunken heads in collections
from the Polish museums
#MMPMID27640190
Piniewska D
; Sanak M
; Wojtas M
; Polanska N
Int J Legal Med
2017[May]; 131
(3
): 643-650
PMID27640190
show ga
Advances in forensic identification using molecular genetics are helpful in
resolving some historical mysteries. The aim of this study was to confirm the
authenticity of shrunken-head artifacts exhibited by two Polish museums. Shrunken
heads, known as tsantsas, were headhunting trophies of South American Indians
(Jivaroan). A special preparation preserved their hair and facial appearance.
However, it was quite common to offer counterfeit shrunken heads of sloths or
monkeys to collectors of curiosities. We sampled small skin specimens of four
shrunken-head skin from the museum collection from Warsaw and Krakow, Poland.
Following genomic DNA isolation, highly polymorphic short tandem repeats were
genotyped using a commercial chemistry and DNA sequencing analyzer. Haplogroups
of human Y chromosome were identified. We obtained an informative genetic profile
of genomic short tandem repeats from all the samples of shrunken heads. Moreover,
amplification of amelogenin loci allowed for sex determination. All four studied
shrunken heads were of human origin. In two ones, a shared Y-chromosome
haplogroup Q characteristic for Indigenous Americans was detected. Another
artifact was counterfeited because Y-chromosome haplogroup I2 was found,
characteristic for the Southeastern European origin. Commercial genetic methods
of identification can be applied successfully in studies on the origin and
authenticity of some unusual collection items.