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2017 ; 8
(3
): e2661
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p53 loss-of-heterozygosity is a necessary prerequisite for mutant p53
stabilization and gain-of-function in vivo
#MMPMID28277540
Alexandrova EM
; Mirza SA
; Xu S
; Schulz-Heddergott R
; Marchenko ND
; Moll UM
Cell Death Dis
2017[Mar]; 8
(3
): e2661
PMID28277540
show ga
Missense mutations in TP53 comprise >75% of all p53 alterations in cancer,
resulting in highly stabilized mutant p53 proteins that not only lose their
tumor-suppressor activity, but often acquire oncogenic gain-of-functions (GOFs).
GOF manifests itself in accelerated tumor onset, increased metastasis, increased
drug resistance and shortened survival in patients and mice. A known prerequisite
for GOF is mutant p53 protein stabilization, which itself is linked to aberrant
protein conformation. However, additional determinants for mutant p53
stabilization likely exist. Here we show that in initially heterozygous mouse
tumors carrying the hotspot GOF allele R248Q (p53Q/+), another necessary
prerequisite for mutant p53 stabilization and GOF in vivo is loss of the
remaining wild-type p53 allele, termed loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH). Thus, in
mouse tumors with high frequency of p53 LOH (osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas), we
find that mutant p53 protein is stabilized (16/17 cases, 94%) and tumor onset is
significantly accelerated compared with p53+/- tumors (GOF). In contrast, in
mouse tumors with low frequency of p53 LOH (MMTV-Neu breast carcinomas), mutant
p53 protein is not stabilized (16/20 cases, 80%) and GOF is not observed. Of
note, human genomic databases (TCGA, METABRIC etc.) show a high degree of p53 LOH
in all examined tumor types that carry missense p53 mutations, including sarcomas
and breast carcinomas (with and without HER2 amplification). These data - while
cautioning that not all genetic mouse models faithfully represent the human
situation - demonstrate for the first time that p53 LOH is a critical
prerequisite for missense mutant p53 stabilization and GOF in vivo.