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2017 ; 8
(3
): e2716
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Mitochondrial complex I inhibition triggers a mitophagy-dependent ROS increase
leading to necroptosis and ferroptosis in melanoma cells
#MMPMID28358377
Basit F
; van Oppen LM
; Schöckel L
; Bossenbroek HM
; van Emst-de Vries SE
; Hermeling JC
; Grefte S
; Kopitz C
; Heroult M
; Hgm Willems P
; Koopman WJ
Cell Death Dis
2017[Mar]; 8
(3
): e2716
PMID28358377
show ga
Inhibition of complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by BAY
87-2243 ('BAY') triggers death of BRAF(V600E) melanoma cell lines and inhibits in
vivo tumor growth. Here we studied the mechanism by which this inhibition induces
melanoma cell death. BAY treatment depolarized the mitochondrial membrane
potential (??), increased cellular ROS levels, stimulated lipid peroxidation and
reduced glutathione levels. These effects were paralleled by increased opening of
the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and stimulation of
autophagosome formation and mitophagy. BAY-induced cell death was not due to
glucose shortage and inhibited by the antioxidant ?-tocopherol and the mPTP
inhibitor cyclosporin A. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1
(TRAP1) overexpression in BAY-treated cells lowered ROS levels and inhibited mPTP
opening and cell death, whereas the latter was potentiated by TRAP1 knockdown.
Knockdown of autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) inhibited the BAY-stimulated
autophagosome formation, cellular ROS increase and cell death. Knockdown of
phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) inhibited the
BAY-induced ?? depolarization, mitophagy stimulation, ROS increase and cell
death. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) knockdown induced mitochondrial
filamentation and inhibited BAY-induced cell death. The latter was insensitive to
the pancaspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK, but reduced by necroptosis inhibitors
(necrostatin-1, necrostatin-1s)) and knockdown of key necroptosis proteins
(receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and mixed lineage
kinase domain-like (MLKL)). BAY-induced cell death was also reduced by the
ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and overexpression of the
ferroptosis-inhibiting protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This
overexpression also inhibited the BAY-induced ROS increase and lipid
peroxidation. Conversely, GPX4 knockdown potentiated BAY-induced cell death. We
propose a chain of events in which: (i) CI inhibition induces mPTP opening and ??
depolarization, that (ii) stimulate autophagosome formation, mitophagy and an
associated ROS increase, leading to (iii) activation of combined
necroptotic/ferroptotic cell death.
|*Mitophagy
[MESH]
|Autophagy-Related Protein 5/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]
|Cell Line, Tumor
[MESH]
|Dynamins
[MESH]
|Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
[MESH]