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2017 ; 18
(1
): 54
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The roles and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments and
microtubules in smooth muscle cell migration
#MMPMID28390425
Tang DD
; Gerlach BD
Respir Res
2017[Apr]; 18
(1
): 54
PMID28390425
show ga
Smooth muscle cell migration has been implicated in the development of
respiratory and cardiovascular systems; and airway/vascular remodeling. Cell
migration is a polarized cellular process involving a protrusive cell front and a
retracting trailing rear. There are three cytoskeletal systems in mammalian
cells: the actin cytoskeleton, the intermediate filament network, and
microtubules; all of which regulate all or part of the migrated process. The
dynamic actin cytoskeleton spatially and temporally regulates protrusion,
adhesions, contraction, and retraction from the cell front to the rear. c-Abl
tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics and migration
of airway smooth muscle cells and nonmuscle cells. Recent studies suggest that
intermediate filaments undergo reorganization during migration, which coordinates
focal adhesion dynamics, cell contraction, and nucleus rigidity. In particular,
vimentin intermediate filaments undergo phosphorylation and reorientation in
smooth muscle cells, which may regulate cell contraction and focal adhesion
assembly/disassembly. Motile cells are characterized by a front-rear polarization
of the microtubule framework, which regulates all essential processes leading to
cell migration through its role in cell mechanics, intracellular trafficking, and
signaling. This review recapitulates our current knowledge how the three
cytoskeletal systems spatially and temporally modulate the migratory properties
of cells. We also summarize the potential role of migration-associated
biomolecules in lung and vascular diseases.
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