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An ID2-dependent mechanism for VHL inactivation in cancer #MMPMID26735018
Lee SB; Frattini V; Bansal M; Castano AM; Sherman D; Hutchinson K; Bruce JN; Califano A; Liu G; Cardozo T; Iavarone A; Lasorella A
Nature 2016[Jan]; 529 (7585): 172-7 PMID26735018show ga
Mechanisms that maintain cancer stem cells are crucial to tumor progression. The ID2 protein underpins cancer hallmarks including the cancer stem cell state. HIF? transcription factors, most notably HIF2?, are expressed in and required for maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the pathways that are engaged by ID2 or drive HIF2? accumulation in CSCs have remained unclear. We report that DYRK1A and DYRK1B kinases phosphorylate ID2 on Threonine-27 (T27). Hypoxia down regulates this phosphorylation via inactivation of DYRK1, whose activity is stimulated in normoxia by the oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD1. ID2 binds to the VHL ubiquitin ligase complex, displaces VHL-associated Cullin-2, and impairs HIF2? ubiquitylation and degradation. Phosphorylation of ID2-T27 by DYRK1 blocks ID2-VHL interaction and preserves HIF2? ubiquitylation. In glioblastoma ID2 positively modulates HIF2? activity. Conversely, elevated expression of DYRK1 phosphorylates ID2- T27, leading to HIF2? destabilization, loss of glioma stemness, inhibition of tumor growth, and a more favorable outcome for patients with glioblastoma.